Issue/Heft 23 (2025)

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© AFSV; Waldökologie, Landschaftsforschung und Naturschutz (Forest Ecology, Landscape Research and Nature Conservation) - Heft 23, 2025

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Impressum und Inhaltsverzeichnis

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MORISSEY, C., DIETZ, R.: Streifenäcker unter Wald: morphologische, bodenkundliche und historische Beobachtungen zu einer vergessenen Bewirtschaftungsform im Biosphärengebiet Schwäbische Alb

(Streaked fields under forest: morphological, pedological and historical observations concerning a forgotten form of cultivation in the Swabian Alb biosphere reserve)

Abstract
The subject of this article is the first successful pedological evidence of special types of agricultural land use under woodland in south-western Germany – exemplarily obtained in the Swabian Alb biosphere reserve. These strips of arable land, which are morphologically difficult to identify in the field, appear to represent a very old form of agriculture. It was apparently practiced on commons (common property of the villages), usually far from the settlement, on rather low-yielding soils – i.e. the classic forest sites of today. In the rare literature on the subject, the term “external fields” or “alternating fields” is used, a type of field-forest-grass farming that periodically creates fields in areas otherwise used as forest and above all as pasture. The relief forms (landforms) already identified on various altitudes in the Swabian Alb as part of several university projects (University of Tübingen, Department of Geography) on the historical cultural landscape in the biosphere area were the subject of a bachelor’s thesis focusing on soil science at the University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg (Rosalia Dietz) in 2023. These investigations also provided clear scientific evidence of the previously suspected past field cultivation (colluvium; plow horizon). In our opinion, the so far barely recognized land-use relics are of great historical significance and since then have also been identified elsewhere in southwest Germany, at least selectively and in sections, especially under forest areas to an extent that was previously hardly thought possible. The purpose of this article is to shed light on them for the first time from a morphological, pedological and historical point of view.

>> Volltextversion (pdf 6.8 M; Heft 23-Aufsatz 1; Original paper; Language: Deutsch; urn:nbn:de:0041-2505122000585.680198098936)

SCHLUTOW, A., GEMBALLA, R.: Leitwaldgesellschaften für den ökologischen Waldumbau in Deutschland unter den Bedingungen des Klimawandels

(Target forest types for ecological forest conservation in Germany under the conditions of climate change)

Abstract
This study was carried out within the joint research initiative MultiRiskSuit (2023–2024), coordinated by the Competence Center for Forest and Forestry of the Saxon State Forestry Enterprise. It presents methodological tools to support the development of near-natural forest ecosystems that are adapted to future climate conditions. The underlying assumption is that certain indicator forest communities could have naturally migrated into Germany - had climate change progressed more gradually – from southern regions where the anticipated future climate has already prevailed for centuries. These forest communities are assumed to possess the potential to re-establish their associated biocoenoses and to develop their typical biodiversity under natural conditions. The identified target forest types (TFTs) serve as essential reference units for deriving forest development types within ecological forest conversion strategies. The BERN database (Schlutow et al. 2024) forms the basis for modeling. A total of 1,143 plant communities, including 543 natural or near-natural forest types, were assessed based on datasets primarily collected prior to 1980 at sites largely unaffected by pollution. In total, 473 phytosociological studies were analyzed (see Supplement 2), comprising approximately 143,000 relevés and associated descriptions of climatic, ecological, and edaphic site conditions across Central and Southern Europe. Each plant community was characterized using fuzzy value ranges for site parameters such as pH, base saturation, C/N ratio, volumetric water content, continentality index, climatic water balance, length of growing season, and PAR radiation, derived from reference data. To regionalize climate-adapted forest communities, a forestecological climate classification for Germany was developed that considers future climate projections. The parameters „length of the growing season“ (days > 10 °C) and „climatic water balance“ during this period proved sufficient to establish significant correlations with the occurrence of forest community groups, defined by dominant tree species. Based on observational data (1991–2020) and RCP8.5 scenario projections (2051–2080), growing seasons are expected to range from 55 to 246 days per year, and climatic water balances from -47 to +291 mm per month. Classification schemes by Benning et al. (2015) were used to assign forest communities to mapped site types. Altogether, 147 forest communities were assigned to 38,200 unique site/climate combinations. Where multiple communities were viable, selection was refined using ten additional site parameters. Mapping was performed at 1 : 200,000 scale by intersecting soil and climate class maps. For each TFT, a detailed fact sheet was created describing reference site parameters and vegetation structure (see Supplement 1). These results aim to support forestry decision-makers in selecting appropriate tree species and designing resilient forest structures for climate-adapted forest transformation.

>> Volltextversion (pdf 9.7 M; Heft 23-Aufsatz 2; Original paper; Language: Deutsch; urn:nbn:de:0041-2507141600235.329852819422)
  

SCHLUTOW, A., GEMBALLA, R.: Leitwaldgesellschaften für den ökologischen Waldumbau in Deutschland unter den Bedingungen des Klimawandels, Teil 2

(Target forest types for ecological forest conservation in Germany under the conditions of climate change)

>> Volltextversion (pdf 9.8 M; Heft 23-Aufsatz 3; Original paper; Language: Deutsch; urn:nbn:de:0041-2507141602056.368186821153)
  

FEI, J., MICHIELS, H.-G., ALBRECHT, A.T.: Bodenkundliche und klimatische Eignungsbeurteilungen für Alternativbaumarten im Klimawandel am Beispiel Baden-Württembergs

(Edaphic and climatic suitability for alternative tree species under climate change in Baden-Wuerttemberg)

Abstract
The objective of the study was the site-sensitive assessment of the potential suitability of alternative tree species in Southwest Germany, Baden-Wuerttemberg (BW) under the influence of climate change. The study examined 31 rare native and non-native tree species, which were previously characterized ecologically, site-specifically and silviculturally in a literature review (Albrecht & De Avila 2019). In our study, this information was translated for application to the sitemapping method of southwest Germany and summarized in an edaphic decision table. The edaphic suitability was assessed on the basis of literature research, the evaluation of distribution data and the inclusion of existing suitability recommendations. This edaphic component was expanded to include climatic suitability, which was assessed using either boosted regression trees (Elith et al. 2008) or simple climate envelopes for the periods 2041–2060 and 2061–2080 according to the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios (Karger et al. 2017), depending on the tree species. These two partial suitabilities were then transferred to the growth conditions at the regional-zonal site units and combined in the overall assessment of abiotic stability using a simple allocation table. All designated site units were assessed, excluding azonal units, units < 0.3 ha, extremly steep slope, other special site conditions and units with free CaCO3 in the subsoil. Results are now available for around three quarters of the site-mapped forest in Baden-Wuerttemberg (approx. 760,000 ha). The level of knowledge about the individual tree species differs massively in some cases. In order to adequately express these differences in the data basis as well as existing uncertainties, the tree species were stratified into three classes according to their level of knowledge and documentation. The tree species in the lowest level of knowledge were consequently only recommended for test plantation purposes. In relation to the assessed forest area in BW, downy oak, service tree, black pine, black locust and sweet chestnut emerged as the biggest beneficiaries in the overall assessment of abiotic stability. Tree species with decreasing abiotic stability are aspen, birch, Japanese larch, grand fir and small-leaved lime. Tree species that are not subject to significant shifts in their potential suitability due to their broad climatic amplitude are hornbeam, cherry, black walnut (albeit with severe soil limitations) and large-leaved lime. Within the methods for assessing the suitability of tree species, abiotic stability is a method with increased uncertainty, since information on the suitability criteria like competitive strength, productivity and growth, and biotic stability were unfortunately not available for assessment.

>> Volltextversion (pdf 9.1 M; Heft 23-Aufsatz 5; Original paper; Language: Deutsch; urn:nbn:de:0041-2508271144353.200715014423)

FEI, J., MICHIELS, H.-G., ALBRECHT, A.T.: Bodenkundliche und klimatische Eignungsbeurteilungen für Alternativbaumarten im Klimawandel am Beispiel Baden-Württembergs, Anhang

(Edaphic and climatic suitability for alternative tree species under climate change in Baden-Wuerttemberg)

>> Volltextversion (pdf 6.8 M; Heft 23-Aufsatz 6; Original paper; Language: Deutsch; urn:nbn:de:0041-2508271147145.812752897128)

SCHLUTOW, A., GEMBALLA, R.: Supplementary Material zum Aufsatz Leitwaldgesellschaften für den ökologischen Waldumbau in Deutschland unter den Bedingungen des Klimawandels, Anhang 1: Steckbriefe der Leitwaldgesellschaften

(Target forest types for ecological forest conservation in Germany under the conditions of climate change)

>> Volltextversion (pdf 3.5 M; Heft 23-Aufsatz 4; Original paper; Language: Deutsch; urn:nbn:de:0041-2507141602504.218848243143)